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New Year's story. (some interesting facts and history) The presentation was prepared by Julia Selivanova, 5 B grade of secondary school No. 11
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Where did the custom of celebrating the New Year come from? The New Year has forever entered our everyday life, becoming a traditional holiday for all people on earth. Meanwhile, everything has its beginning. The history of this holiday dates back at least 25 centuries. This custom was first born in Mesopotamia. Here, as well as in the lower Nile valley, civilization was first born at the end of the 4th millennium BC. It was here, according to scientists, that the New Year began to be celebrated for the first time (in the third millennium).
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How old is Santa Claus? Imagine that in some countries local gnomes are considered the ancestors of Santa Claus. In others, there are medieval wandering jugglers who sang Christmas carols, or wandering sellers of children's toys. There is an opinion that among the relatives of Father Frost is the East Slavic spirit of cold Treskun, aka Studenets, Frost. The image of Santa Claus has evolved over centuries, and each nation has contributed something of its own to its history.
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How was New Year celebrated in the old days? Basically, the celebration of the New Year among ancient peoples coincided with the beginning of the revival of nature and, as a rule, was timed to March. March was considered the first month by the ancient Romans because field work began at that time. In 46 BC. e. Roman Emperor Julius Caesar moved the start of the year to January 1. The Romans made sacrifices to Janus on this day and began major events with him, considering the first day of the year an auspicious day.
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When did they first start celebrating the New Year in Rus' on January 1? Since 1700, Tsar Peter issued a decree to celebrate the New Year not from the day of the creation of the world, but from the Nativity of the God-Man, referring to the European peoples. It was forbidden to celebrate September 1, and it was ordered that some decorations from trees and branches of pine, spruce and juniper be made in front of the gate, and that decoration should remain on the Invar until the 7th of the same year. On the 1st day, as a sign of fun, congratulate each other on the New Year, and do this when the fiery fun begins on Red Square and there is shooting.
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About celebrating Christmas If you want the Christmas holiday to return again, let it into your home, into your family. Start by telling your children about the origin of the holiday and how it was celebrated in Russia before. The ritual of Christmas Eve with its lit candle on the window and unusually simple and very tasty food will be interesting for children. The table can be decorated with original compositions of branches and candles. At Christmas it was customary to give sweets or some useful things. Don't forget about visiting the families of your relatives and friends who have small children. This is their holiday.
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Celebrations in different countries America annually breaks all records for greeting cards and Christmas gifts. In Burma and Thailand, the New Year is celebrated in the heat of the day, so people throw water on each other when they meet. Bulgarians, gathered for the New Year's celebration, turn off the lights for a few minutes. These minutes are called the minutes of New Year's kisses. In Italy, on New Year's Eve, it is customary to throw away old things and replace them with new ones. And if there are no old things, then you have to throw away new ones, otherwise happiness will bypass the house.
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Where did the custom of celebrating the New Year come from? The New Year has forever entered our everyday life, becoming a traditional holiday for all people on earth. Meanwhile, everything has its beginning. The history of this holiday dates back at least 25 centuries. This custom was first born in Mesopotamia (Mesopotamia). Here, as well as in the lower Nile valley, civilization was first born at the end of the 4th millennium BC. Its famous centers of Sumer, Babylon, and Assyria arose here, famous for their cultural heritage and the greatest inventions of mankind, which still never cease to amaze and delight us. It was here, according to scientists, that the New Year began to be celebrated for the first time (in the third millennium). All agricultural work began at the end of March, after the water in the Tigris and Euphrates arrived. For 12 days, processions, carnivals, and masquerades marked this event - the onset of the time of victories of the bright god Marduk over the forces of destruction and death. It was forbidden to work at this time, to punish, to carry out trials. The cuneiform writing on one of the clay tablets said that these were days of unbridled freedom, when the entire world order was turned upside down. The slave turned into a master. The word CARNIVAL itself, by the way, translated from Babylonian means ship-sea, and this is probably not accidental, for many rituals of the New Year's holiday were associated with the imaginary voyage of the god Marduk along the Euphrates. On one of the days, the mysteries depicted the battle of Marduk against the monster of the goddess of chaos Tiamat (resembling a dragon, snake, lizard). Scientists have proven that the Jews who were in Babylonian captivity (during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar) borrowed this story and included it in the Bible. This myth is the origin of the Christian legend about St. George defeating the dragon (Does this symbolism remind you of anything? Well, of course, St. George the Victorious on the coat of arms of Moscow). From the Jews, the tradition of New Year's celebration, which they borrowed, as you know, from the Babylonians, passed on to the Greeks, and through them to the peoples of Western Europe.
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History of the New Year holiday People worshiped the sun as the main deity, on whose mercy life on Earth depends. Ancient people believed that the new year begins with the renewal of nature - with the onset of spring. That is why in Ancient Rome its offensive was celebrated on March 1. And this order was observed for a very long time - more than 700 years, until Emperor Gaius Julius Caesar carried out a calendar reform in 46 BC. e. Based on higher state considerations, he announced that Rome was founded on January 1, and moved the New Year celebration from March 1 to this day.
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How did they celebrate the arrival of the New Year in Rus'? The New Year was celebrated in March. Everyone rejoiced at this event, especially the boys and girls. They sang, danced in circles, burned an effigy of the cold winter, giving a farewell to her and her daughter Snegurka, and jumped over high bonfires. Echoes of the customs of that distant holiday are still preserved among us in some Maslenitsa rituals. Older people prayed fervently in rural squares and forest clearings, giving praise to the pagan gods, of which the ancient Slavs had many. They asked Perun, Bereginya (Amulet), Yarilo-Sun and other gods to send them a happy year, a good harvest, they asked to protect livestock from death, and people from the evil eye, misfortunes, pestilence and disease.
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The inventions of the young Tsar Peter The “double New Year” continued for a little over 200 years, until Peter I brought a new holiday from Western Europe. On August 31, 1699 (old style), when the Orthodox people, as usual, were preparing to celebrate the New Year, late in the evening royal messengers rushed through the streets of Moscow with loud shouts: “Put out the lights! Don’t rule the New Year!” People were at a loss: what else was the young king, who had already destroyed many old customs, up to? We had to wait more than three months for an answer.
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Decree of Peter the Great On December 20, Muscovites were called to Red Square with drumbeats and Peter’s decree of December 15 was read out: “Since in Russia they count the New Year differently, from now on stop fooling people and count the New Year not from September 1, but from 1 January this year 1700. And as a sign of that good beginning and the new hundred-year century, in joyful congratulations to each other on the New Year, wishing prosperity in business and in the family...” Peter I ordered that houses and courtyards be decorated with trees and branches of pine, spruce and juniper, and these decorations It was impossible to clean up before January 7th.
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New Year in Rus' The young sovereign did not limit himself to issuing a decree, but took an active part in the preparation and holding of the new holiday. Seeing that many Muscovites, due to lack of time, simply did not have the opportunity to stock up on coniferous greens, he ordered to urgently bring branches from the forest and sell them in specially designated areas of shopping arcades.
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On December 31, around midnight, Peter himself opened the festival: with a torch he set fire to a rocket, which emitted sparks, ash and soot. Bells rang in churches, and cannons began firing in the Kremlin. On the morning of January 1, the tsar commanded a festive procession, which ended with a thunderous salute of 200 cannons. And in the evening, colorful lights flashed in the dark sky...
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On the capital's Red Square there should have been fireworks (fire fun) and shooting, followed by shooting from “cannons” and rifles in the courtyards of houses. It was allowed to launch as many rockets as anyone had and light fires. Muscovites were required to burn bonfires and tar barrels throughout the first seven days of January - wherever space allowed. It was recommended to amuse children and ride them down the mountains on sleds. Adults were asked to refrain from drinking and fighting, “since there are enough other days for that...”
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Traditions of the New Year in Rus' The tradition of holding a New Year's holiday with noisy feasts, night festivities, dancing around the Christmas tree and fireworks took root in Russia quite quickly, which was greatly facilitated by Peter I. Known as a great entertainer, Peter introduced the custom of holding cheerful winter assemblies with drinking, firecrackers, “buffoon bears”, sleigh rides on the frozen river. It was under him that carnival masks first appeared in the country: in 1722, the tsar organized a magnificent masquerade to mark the conclusion of peace with Sweden. To be fair, we note that dressing up in Rus' appeared a long time ago: historians point out that even Ivan the Terrible and his guardsmen dressed up like buffoons.
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Tsar Peter “saw” the tradition of decorating a New Year tree from the Germans, for whom this evergreen coniferous tree from time immemorial was a symbol of eternal youth, immortality, longevity and fidelity. This custom seemed very beautiful to Peter I. The New Year tree made its way with difficulty. In pre-Petrine times, it was considered by Russians to be a symbol of death: fir branches lined the path along which the funeral procession moved, and they were thrown onto the coffin into the grave. How did the New Year tree appear?
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The custom of bringing a Christmas tree home and decorating it arose in the 16th century in Germany. Since then, the Christmas tree has been erected on New Year's Day.
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New Year tree Before the introduction of the decree of Peter I, our ancestors celebrated the New Year either with a birch tree or with a blossoming cherry tree, depending on when the holiday was celebrated - in autumn or spring. It is for this reason, and also because almost all innovations that came from the West were met with hostility by ordinary people, that people began decorating houses with Christmas trees en masse a whole century after the famous decree of December 20, 1699.
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A little history The history of decorating trees for the holiday goes back to the reign of the pharaohs. The first Christmas tree decoration - a glass ball - appeared in Saxony in the 16th century. Peter the Great brought the custom of celebrating the New Year to Russia from Germany; The first New Year holidays in Russia were organized, according to the royal decree, in 1700.
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Christmas tree decorations Christmas tree decorations are balls or figurines of animals, people, and household items that are used to decorate the New Year tree. In addition to toys, the Christmas tree is decorated with sweets, fruits and nuts. In Rus', the first Christmas tree decorations were made from rags, straw, colored ribbons, and later from paper and foil. The first specialized glass Christmas tree production in Russia was opened near Klin, on the estate of Prince Menshikov, at the beginning of the 19th century.
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How did Santa Claus appear? As for the history of the main character of the New Year - Santa Claus - in some countries gnomes are considered his ancestors, in others - medieval wandering jugglers or wandering sellers of children's toys. In other words, the image of Santa Claus has evolved over centuries. There is an opinion that among the relatives of Father Frost is the East Slavic spirit of cold Treskun, aka Studenets, Frost.
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Who are you, Grandfather Frost? The very first Santa Claus was St. Nicholas. When leaving, he left the poor family who sheltered him golden apples in a shoe in front of the fireplace Name: Santa Claus. Aka: Grandfather Treskun, Moroz Ivanovich, Moroz Red Nose (Rus) Appearance: tall man with a snow-white beard. Wears a red or blue fur coat. In his hands he has a magic staff, with which he “freezes”. Character Previously, Grandfather was stern. With age, the character of Santa Claus has changed for the better, and now the old man is perceived as a kind wizard with a bag of gifts. Age: Santa Claus is very old. Place of residence: Ancient Santa Claus, lived in an ice hut, which could be reached, lives in the city of Velikiy. Ustyug. Type of activity: he visits guests on New Year's Eve and distributes gifts. True, sometimes it requires that the recipient first recite the poem. Vehicle: Moves, as a rule, on foot. Travels long distances in a sleigh drawn by three white horses
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How old is Santa Claus? Everywhere the good old man is called differently: in Spain ─ Papa Noel, in Romania ─ Mosh Jarile, in Holland ─ Sinte Klaas, in England and America ─ Santa Claus, and in our country ─ Father Frost. The Santa Claus costume also did not appear immediately. At first he was depicted wearing a cloak. By the beginning of the 19th century, the Dutch depicted him as a slender pipe smoker, skillfully cleaning chimneys through which he threw gifts to children. At the end of the same century, he was dressed in a red fur coat trimmed with fur. In 1860, the American artist Thomas Knight decorated Santa Claus with a beard, and soon the Englishman Tenniel created the image of a good-natured fat man. We are all very familiar with this Santa Claus.
Powdered the paths
I decorated the windows,
Gave joy to children
And I went for a sledding ride.
She hurried to us quickly,
She brought us bullfinches.
It's getting cold outside. People wear warm fur coats, coats, jackets .
Animals and birds are also cold. ... Some animals change the color of their fur to better hide. The white hare has gray fur in summer, and white as snow in winter...
And in the snow on a sled...
And skiing.
A blizzard is walking around the yard,
The Christmas tree is sparkling in the house.
Children dance in a circle.
What kind of holiday?
All toys on the Christmas tree:
Beads, balls, firecrackers.
The kids are waiting for gifts.
What kind of holiday?
The big Christmas tree is all lit up,
Firecrackers fly loudly.
It's snowing outside.
It's coming...
Nowadays, with the advent
we are celebrating the New Year
But it was not always so….
In 1699, Russian Tsar Peter 1 issued a decree:
I order that summer be counted in orders and in all matters in a new way! Celebrate the New Year according to European custom - January 1!!!
As a sign of fun, I order you to wish each other a Happy New Year! If anyone disobeys, then beat him mercilessly with batogs!
- “And as a sign of a good beginning and a new century, in joy we congratulate each other on the New Year. Along noble streets and thoroughfares, at gates and houses, make some decorations from trees and branches of pine, spruce and juniper, fire small cannons and rifles, fire rockets, as many as you can, and light fires. »
Tsar of All Rus' Peter 1
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Where did the custom of celebrating the New Year come from? The New Year has forever entered our everyday life, becoming a traditional holiday for all people on earth. Meanwhile, everything has its beginning. The history of this holiday dates back at least 25 centuries. This custom was first born in Mesopotamia. Here, as well as in the lower Nile valley, civilization was first born at the end of the 4th millennium BC. It was here, according to scientists, that the New Year began to be celebrated for the first time (in the third millennium). Read more >>>
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How was New Year celebrated in the old days? Basically, the celebration of the New Year among ancient peoples coincided with the beginning of the revival of nature and, as a rule, was timed to March. March was considered the first month by the ancient Romans because field work began at that time. In 46 BC. e. Roman Emperor Julius Caesar moved the start of the year to January 1. The Romans made sacrifices to Janus on this day and began major events with him, considering the first day of the year an auspicious day. Read more >>>
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How old is Santa Claus? Imagine that in some countries local gnomes are considered the ancestors of Santa Claus. In others, there are medieval wandering jugglers who sang Christmas carols, or wandering sellers of children's toys. There is an opinion that among the relatives of Father Frost is the East Slavic spirit of cold Treskun, aka Studenets, Frost. The image of Santa Claus has evolved over centuries, and each nation has contributed something of its own to its history. Read more >>>
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When did they first start celebrating the New Year in Rus' on January 1? Since 1700, Tsar Peter issued a decree to celebrate the New Year not from the day of the creation of the world, but from the Nativity of the God-Man, referring to the European peoples. It was forbidden to celebrate September 1, and it was ordered that some decorations from trees and branches of pine, spruce and juniper be made in front of the gate, and that decoration should remain on the Invar until the 7th of the same year. On the 1st day, as a sign of fun, congratulate each other on the New Year, and do this when the fiery fun begins on Red Square and there is shooting. Read more >>>
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About celebrating Christmas If you want the Christmas holiday to return again, let it into your home, into your family. Start by telling your children about the origin of the holiday and how it was celebrated in Russia before. The ritual of Christmas Eve with its lit candle on the window and unusually simple and very tasty food will be interesting for children. The table can be decorated with original compositions of branches and candles. At Christmas it was customary to give sweets or some useful things. Don't forget about visiting the families of your relatives and friends who have small children. This is their holiday. Read more >>>
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Celebrations in different countries America annually breaks all records for greeting cards and Christmas gifts. In Burma and Thailand, the New Year is celebrated in the heat of the day, so people throw water on each other when they meet. Bulgarians, gathered for the New Year's celebration, turn off the lights for a few minutes. These minutes are called the minutes of New Year's kisses. In Italy, on New Year's Eve, it is customary to throw away old things and replace them with new ones. And if there are no old things, then you have to throw away new ones, otherwise happiness will bypass the house. Read more >>>
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Where did the custom of celebrating the New Year come from? The New Year has forever entered our everyday life, becoming a traditional holiday for all people on earth. Meanwhile, everything has its beginning. The history of this holiday dates back at least 25 centuries. This custom was first born in Mesopotamia (Mesopotamia). Here, as well as in the lower Nile valley, civilization was first born at the end of the 4th millennium BC. Its famous centers of Sumer, Babylon, and Assyria arose here, famous for their cultural heritage and the greatest inventions of mankind, which still never cease to amaze and delight us. It was here, according to scientists, that the New Year began to be celebrated for the first time (in the third millennium). All agricultural work began at the end of March, after the water in the Tigris and Euphrates arrived. For 12 days, processions, carnivals, and masquerades marked this event - the onset of the time of victories of the bright god Marduk over the forces of destruction and death. It was forbidden to work at this time, to punish, to carry out trials. The cuneiform writing on one of the clay tablets said that these were days of unbridled freedom, when the entire world order was turned upside down. The slave turned into a master. The word CARNIVAL itself, by the way, translated from Babylonian means ship-sea, and this is probably not accidental, for many rituals of the New Year's holiday were associated with the imaginary voyage of the god Marduk along the Euphrates. On one of the days, the mysteries depicted the battle of Marduk against the monster of the goddess of chaos Tiamat (resembling a dragon, snake, lizard). Scientists have proven that the Jews who were in Babylonian captivity (during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar) borrowed this story and included it in the Bible. This myth is the origin of the Christian legend about St. George defeating the dragon (Does this symbolism remind you of anything? Well, of course, St. George the Victorious on the coat of arms of Moscow). From the Jews, the tradition of New Year's celebration, which they borrowed, as you know, from the Babylonians, passed on to the Greeks, and through them to the peoples of Western Europe.
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How was New Year celebrated in the old days? Some peoples keep track of time according to the lunar-solar calendar, and the beginning of the year falls somewhere in autumn, sometimes in winter. But basically, the celebration of the New Year among ancient peoples coincided with the beginning of the revival of nature and, as a rule, was timed to March. March was considered the first month by the ancient Romans because field work began at that time. The year consisted of ten months, then the number of months was increased by two. In 46 BC. e. Roman Emperor Julius Caesar moved the start of the year to January 1. The Julian calendar, named after him, spread throughout Europe. The Romans made sacrifices to Janus on this day and began major events with him, considering the first day of the year an auspicious day. As you already know, the New Year was not always celebrated on January 1st. In France, at first (until 755) they counted from December 25, then from March 1, in the 12th century - from Easter, and from 1564, by decree of King Charles IX, from January 1. In Germany the same thing happened in the middle of the 16th century, and in England from the 18th century. But what was the situation with us, in Rus'? In Russia, from the time of the introduction of Christianity, following the customs of their ancestors, they also began the calendar either from March or, less often, from the day of Holy Easter. In 1492, Grand Duke John III finally approved the decree of the Moscow Council to consider the first of September as the beginning of both the church and civil year, when it was ordered to pay tribute, duties, various quitrents, etc. And in order to give greater solemnity to this day, the tsar himself appeared in the Kremlin the day before, where everyone, be it a commoner or a noble boyar, could approach him and seek directly from him truth and mercy (by the way, something similar happened in Byzantium during times of Constantine the Great). The last time the New Year in Rus' was celebrated with royal pomp was on September 1, 1698. Giving everyone an apple, the king, calling everyone brother, congratulated them on the New Year, on new happiness. Each healthy cup of Tsar Peter the Great was accompanied by a shot from 25 guns.
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How old is Santa Claus? Imagine that in some countries local gnomes are considered the ancestors of Santa Claus. In others, there are medieval wandering jugglers who sang Christmas carols, or wandering sellers of children's toys. There is an opinion that among the relatives of Father Frost is the East Slavic spirit of cold Treskun, aka Studenets, Frost. The image of Santa Claus has evolved over centuries, and each nation has contributed something of its own to its history. But among the elder’s ancestors there was, it turns out, a very real person. In the 4th century, Archbishop Nicholas lived in the Turkish city of Myra. According to legend, he was a very kind man. So, one day he saved three daughters of a poor family by throwing bundles of gold through the window of their house. After the death of Nicholas, he was declared a saint. In the 11th century, the church where he was buried was robbed by Italian pirates. They stole the remains of the saint and took them to their homeland. The parishioners of the Church of St. Nicholas were outraged. An international scandal broke out. This story caused so much noise that Nicholas became the object of veneration and worship of Christians from different countries of the world. In the Middle Ages, the custom of giving gifts to children on St. Nicholas Day, December 19, was firmly established, because this is what the saint himself did. After the introduction of the new calendar, the saint began to come to children at Christmas, and then on New Year. The Santa Claus costume also did not appear immediately. At first he was depicted wearing a cloak. By the beginning of the 19th century, the Dutch depicted him as a slender pipe smoker, skillfully cleaning chimneys through which he threw gifts to children. At the end of the same century, he was dressed in a red fur coat trimmed with fur. In 1860, the American artist Thomas Knight decorated Santa Claus with a beard, and soon the Englishman Tenniel created the image of a good-natured fat man. We are all very familiar with this Santa Claus.
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When did they first start celebrating the New Year in Rus' on January 1? Since 1700, Tsar Peter issued a decree to celebrate the New Year not from the day of the creation of the world, but from the Nativity of the God-Man, referring to the European peoples. It was forbidden to celebrate September 1, and on December 15, 1699, the beating of drums announced to the people on Red Square (from the lips of the Tsar's clerk) that, as a sign of a good beginning and the beginning of a new century, after thanksgiving to God and prayer singing in the church, large thoroughfares were ordered to , and for noble people to make some decorations in front of the gates from trees and branches of pine, spruce and juniper. And for the poor people (i.e., the poor), at least put a tree or a branch over the gate. And so that it arrives by the 1st of 1700 of this year; and this decoration will remain on Invar (i.e. January) until the 7th of the same year. On the first day, as a sign of fun, congratulate each other on the New Year, and do this when the fiery fun begins on Red Square and there is shooting. The decree recommended that, if possible, everyone in their yards fire three times from small cannons or small rifles and fire several rockets. From January 1 to January 7, at night, light fires from wood, or brushwood, or straw. Tsar Peter I was the first to launch a rocket. Writhing in the air like a fiery snake, it announced the coming of the New Year to the people, and after that, celebrations began throughout Belokamennaya. As a sign of the national holiday, cannons were fired, and in the evening, multi-colored fireworks, never seen before, flashed in the dark sky.
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Continuation The illumination was blazing. People had fun, sang, danced, congratulated each other and gave New Year's gifts. Peter I steadily ensured that this holiday was no worse or poorer in our country than in other European countries. He was a decisive man and in one fell swoop he resolved all the calendar inconveniences. By the beginning of the reign of Peter the Great in Russia the year was 7207 (from the creation of the world), and in Europe 1699 (from the Nativity of Christ). Russia was beginning to establish connections with Europe and such a time difference was very difficult. But that was over. It was from January 1, 1700 that folk New Year's fun and merriment gained recognition, and the celebration of the New Year began to have a secular (non-church) character. From now on and forever, this holiday was enshrined in the Russian calendar. This is how the New Year came to us, with Christmas tree decorations, lights, bonfires (which Peter ordered to be arranged at night from January 1 to 7 by lighting tar barrels), the creaking of snow in the cold, winter children's games - sleds, skis, skates, snow women, Santa Claus, gifts... It must be said that the new New Year's customs took root among the Slavs quite quickly, because before at that time there was another Christmastide holiday. And many old rituals: cheerful carnivals, mummers' antics, sleigh rides, midnight fortune-telling and round dances around the Christmas tree fit well into the ritual of celebrating the New Year. And although it was frosty at that time, people were not afraid of the cold. As you know, they burned bonfires in the streets, performed dances around them, calling on the sun (which they had deified from time immemorial) to warm the earth, bound by snow and frost.
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About celebrating Christmas If you want the Christmas holiday to return again, let it into your home, into your family. Start by telling your children about the origin of the holiday and how it was celebrated in Russia before. The ritual of Christmas Eve with its lit candle on the window and unusually simple and very tasty food will be interesting for children. The table can be decorated with original compositions of branches and candles. At the table, after eating, you can arrange readings aloud, which children also love. To do this, it is good to choose stories and fairy tales that are called that way in literature - Christmas, Yuletide. If on New Year it is customary to congratulate all acquaintances, then on Christmas visits were made only to close relatives and friends. And this once again speaks of the family nature of the holiday. Rules of decency of the late 19th century. these visits were not allowed to be avoided, since it was believed that “to maintain good relations” they were simply necessary. And in fact, not the most beautiful postcard sent from the Post Office of Santa Claus himself can replace the joy of personal communication if you and your whole family visit close relatives on this holiday, whom you have not seen often during the year. At Christmas it was customary to give sweets or some useful things. And don’t forget about visiting the families of your relatives and friends who have small children. This is their holiday. Don’t forget about the gifts that, just like on New Year’s, children can receive from the beautiful Christmas tree. Or you can make it a tradition to remove the Christmas tree in the evening of this day. Having received the gifts, admire her again, say goodbye with gratitude for the pleasures and joys brought and invite her to the house next year. Your Christmas program can include a walk with your children through a winter city or park. A visit to the theater or concert will brighten up your holiday. It all depends on the traditions of the family, the desires and passions of its members. But the most important thing is that this is a tradition that children have known about since childhood, felt its warmth and respected it, and would like to continue it in their families in the future.
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New Year celebrations in different countries America annually breaks all records for greeting cards and Christmas gifts. In Burma and Thailand, the New Year is celebrated in the heat of the day, so people throw water on each other when they meet. This is a kind of wish for happiness in the New Year. Bulgarians, gathered for the New Year's celebration, turn off the lights for a few minutes. These minutes are called the minutes of New Year's kisses, the secret of which is preserved by darkness. In Vietnam, New Year is celebrated at night. At dusk, the Vietnamese light fires on which they prepare special rice delicacies. On New Year's Eve, it is customary to release live carp into rivers and ponds. According to legend, a god swims on the back of a carp, who goes to heaven on New Year’s Day to tell how people live on Earth. On this night, quarrels are forgotten, grievances are forgiven. When residents of Greece go to celebrate the New Year, they take with them a stone, which they throw at the threshold of a hospitable home. If the stone is heavy, they say: “Let the owner’s wealth be as heavy as this stone.” And if the stone is small, then they wish: “Let the thorn in the owner’s eye be as small as this stone.”
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Continued In India, New Year is celebrated in different ways. People of northern India decorate themselves with white, pink, red and purple flowers. In central India, buildings are decorated with multi-colored, mostly orange, flags. In western India, small lights are lit on the roofs of houses. On the eve of the holiday, mothers lay out gifts, sweets, and flowers for their children on large trays. On the first morning of the New Year, children with their eyes closed are led to a tray from which they choose a gift. In Iran, the New Year is celebrated in the spring. In advance, Iranians plant grains of wheat or barley in a small dish. The grass that has sprouted for the New Year symbolizes the beginning of a new life. In Italy, on New Year's Eve, it is customary to throw away old things and replace them with new ones. And if there are no old things, then you have to throw away new ones, otherwise happiness will bypass the house. In China, the New Year is always celebrated during the new moon in late January - early February. Processions of many thousands of lanterns move through the streets. They are lit to illuminate the path to the New Year. To keep evil spirits out of the New Year, the Chinese cover the windows and doors of their houses with paper and scare them away with firecrackers and firecrackers.
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Continued In Cuba, the clock strikes only 11 times on New Year's Day. Since the 12th strike falls just on the New Year, the clock is allowed to rest and calmly celebrate the holiday with everyone. At midnight, Cubans throw water through an open window onto the street, wishing that the New Year would be as clear and pure as the water. In Mongolia, the New Year is celebrated at the Christmas tree, although the Mongolian Santa Claus comes to the children dressed as a cattle breeder. On the New Year's holiday, sports competitions, games, and tests of dexterity and courage are held. In Panama, New Year's Eve is unusually noisy: trumpets are blaring, sirens are wailing and people are screaming. According to ancient belief, noise scares away evil spirits. In Romania, it is customary to bake small surprises into New Year's pies - coins, porcelain figurines, rings, hot pepper pods. A ring found in a cake means that the New Year will bring much happiness. And a pod of pepper will cheer up everyone around you. In France, on New Year's Eve, a bean is baked in gingerbread. And the best New Year's gift for a fellow villager is a wheel. In Sweden, on New Year's Eve, it is customary to break dishes at your neighbors' doors.
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Continuation In Scotland, on New Year's Eve, they set fire to resin in a barrel and roll the barrel through the streets. The Scots consider this a symbol of the burning of the Old Year. After this, the road to the New Year is open. The first person to enter a house after the New Year is believed to bring good luck or bad luck. A dark-haired man with a gift - fortunately. In Wales, when going on a visit to celebrate the New Year, you should grab a piece of coal and throw it into the fireplace lit on New Year's Eve. This indicates the friendly intentions of the guests who came. Exactly at midnight it is necessary to open the doors wide to let out the Old Year and let in the New Year. In Japan, New Year's Eve is called "golden week." At this time, many institutions and firms, government organizations, and large department stores stop operating. Even banks are open until 12 noon on December 31st and have a rest for the first three days of the New Year. The custom of seeing off the Old Year is obligatory, including organizing receptions and visiting restaurants. When the New Year arrives, the Japanese begin to laugh. They believe that laughter will bring them good luck in the coming year. On the first New Year's Eve it is customary to visit the temple. The temples ring a bell 108 times. With each blow, as the Japanese believe, everything bad goes away, which should not happen again in the New Year. To ward off evil spirits, the Japanese hang bundles of straw in front of the entrance to their houses. In houses, rice cakes are placed in a prominent place, on top of which tangerines are placed, symbolizing happiness, health and longevity.
New Year is the most long-awaited and magical holiday of the year, which is equally loved by both adults and children. Giving gifts with wishes for a successful and happy year has been customary for a very long time. The solemn celebration of the New Year was moved from March 1 to January 1 only in 153 BC in Rome, from where this custom spread to all the remote lands of the empire.
China In China, on New Year's Day, a “money tree” was set up in the house: “a tree from which money is shaken.” This “tree” was supposed to provide wealth in the new year. New Year in China is a family holiday, and everyone strives to spend it with their family. In the first days of the year, every Chinese had to watch his speech. It was forbidden to swear and utter words with an unpleasant meaning.
Bulgaria Bulgarians have an interesting sign: a person who sneezes at the New Year's table brings happiness to the house... The owners reward him for this! Sweden All children in Sweden spend the whole year collecting unnecessary dishes in order to smash them on the threshold of the house on New Year's Eve. The more shards, the better. Breaking a plate is good luck.
Germany We are used to the New Year coming to us on its own, but the Germans prefer to... jump into the New Year. On New Year's midnight, everyone, young and old, according to the ancient custom, clutching coins in their fists, climbs onto tables and chairs and, at the twelfth stroke of the clock, “jumps” into the New Year. For the Germans, roast goose is a must on the New Year's table. And only in Germany will we be able to see an amazing gingerbread house on the holiday table, like in the fairy tale of the Brothers Grimm.
England It was in England that the custom of exchanging greeting cards for the New Year arose. The first New Year's card was printed in London in 1843. This custom has an ancient history. It was invented by the Chinese more than 1000 years ago. Back then, the names of those who came to wish Happy New Year were written on greeting cards and the owner was not found there.
The custom of installing Christmas trees in homes everywhere appeared only in the 19th century. It has existed relatively recently for about 150 years. It was then that lush evergreen beautiful Christmas trees began to be regularly installed in the royal and royal palaces of Germany, Russia, Norway, France, England and Denmark. And only in the second half of the 19th century the Christmas tree became the property of the common people.
In our country, the Christmas tree has seen everything. In the 20s, the celebration of Christmas was prohibited, and at the same time it was forbidden to decorate Christmas trees in houses as an obligatory attribute of this holiday. But in the 30s, the tree began to be interpreted as a symbol of the New Year, and not the Christmas holiday.
